U.S. Capitol.Photo: Stefan Zaklin/Getty Images

U.S. Capitol

In the wake of Tuesday’s mass shooting at a Texas elementary school — in which agunman killed 19 students, a teacher and another adult — many lawmakers are calling for gun reform.

But even with hundreds of mass shootings taking place in the U.S. every year, Congress has repeatedly failed to pass any major piece of gun control legislation.

One of the most recent efforts to reform federal gun laws came in 2013 with theManchin-Toomey amendment, a measure that would have required background checks on all commercial gun sales. The amendment — which came to a vote four months after 20 first-graders and six educators were fatally shot at Sandy Hook Elementary School — failed, getting only 54 of the 60 votes it needed to overcome a filibuster.

Most of the 46 senators who voted against the amendment expressed the opinion that it simply wouldn’t work, with Republican Sen. Chuck Grassley telling reporters at the time: “Criminals do not submit to background checks now. They will not submit to expanded background checks.”

But they also shared something else in common. According to the non-partisan campaign finance research group OpenSecrets,nearly all of the 46senators who voted against the amendment had accepted significant campaign contributions from PACs associated with gun rights groups, including the National Rifle Association.

Since then, U.S. lawmakers have continued to rack up donations from gun rights groups – some to the tune of tens of millions of dollars.

Even in the immediate wake of the shooting, many Republicans continue to throw their support behind the NRA. On Friday, just days after the Uvalde school shooting, Republicans including former PresidentDonald Trumpand Sen. Ted Cruz arescheduled to headline a forumat the group’s annual meeting in Houston.

OpenSecrets maintains alist of the top recipientsof NRA and gun rights groups funds, with data updates as recently as May 16, 2022.

Below are the lawmakers who received the most funding from the NRA — either directly or indirectly — according to OpenSecrets data.

Sen. Mitt Romney.Rick Bowmer/AP/Shutterstock

Mitt Romney

Sen. Mitt Romney, Utah Republican: $13,645,387

When he’s up for reelection:Romney has said he’s undecided regarding whether he’ll choose to run for reelection in 2024.

Sen. Richard Burr.Greg Nash- Pool/Getty

WASHINGTON, DC - SEPTEMBER 30: Sen. Richard Burr (R-NC) gives an opening statement during a Senate Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions Committee hearing to discuss reopening schools during Covid-19 at Capitol Hill on September 30, 2021 in Washington, DC. (Photo by Greg Nash- Pool/Getty Images)

Sen. Richard Burr, North Carolina Republican: $6,987,380

What he’s received:Burr has received $43,900 in direct support from the NRA; $1,356,247 in independent support; and $5,587,233 in money spent against his political opponents.

When he’s up for reelection:Burr said in 2016 that hewould not seek reelectionin 2022.

U.S. Sen. Thom Tillis.Anna Moneymaker/Getty

WASHINGTON, DC - MARCH 23: U.S. Sen. Thom Tillis (R-NC) questions Supreme Court nominee Judge Ketanji Brown Jackson during her Senate Judiciary Committee confirmation hearing in the Hart Senate Office Building on Capitol Hill, March 23, 2022 in Washington, DC. Judge Ketanji Brown Jackson, President Joe Biden’s pick to replace retiring Justice Stephen Breyer on the U.S. Supreme Court, would become the first Black woman to serve on the Supreme Court if confirmed. (Photo by Anna Moneymaker/Getty Images)

Sen. Thom Tillis, North Carolina Republican: $5,611,796

What he’s received:Tillis has received $17,900 in direct support from the NRA; $2,412,153 in independent support; and $3,182,564 in money spent against his political opponents.

When he’s up for reelection:Tillis' term ends in 2027. It is unclear whether he will run for office again at that point.

Roy Blunt.Anna Moneymaker/Getty

WASHINGTON, DC - DECEMBER 07: Ranking Member Roy Blunt (R-MO) speaks during an oversight hearing with the Senate Rules and Administration in the Russell Senate Office Building on December 07, 2021 in Washington, DC. Inspector General of the U.S. Capitol Police Michael Bolton attended the hearing to provide an update with the committee on the continued examination and improvements taking place within the U.S. Capitol Police force following the January 6th attack at the Capitol. (Photo by Anna Moneymaker/Getty Images)

Sen. Roy Blunt, Missouri Republican: $4,555,722

What he’s received:Blunt has received $82,450 in direct support from the NRA; $1,410,401 in independent support; and $3,062,871 in money spent against his political opponents.

His recent take:In a statement sent to PBS News, Blunt expressed a willingness to support some gun laws, but also spoke about the need to expand mental health programs. “As we learn more about the facts in this case, I’m open to looking at what we can do, in a bipartisan way, to prevent another tragedy like this from occurring. That might include the possibility of a red flag law to keep weapons out of the hands of people who pose an imminent threat to themselves or others.”

When he’s up for reelection:Bluntannounced in 2021that he will not seek reelection, and will retire from office in 2022.

Sen. Joni Ernst.Anna Moneymaker/Getty

WASHINGTON, DC - APRIL 05: Sen. Joni Ernst (R-IA) listens during a news conference following the weekly Senate Republican policy luncheon at the U.S. Capitol Building on April 05, 2022 in Washington, DC. During the news conference Senate Minority Leader Mitch McConnell (R-K spoke on topics including the negotiations for further Covid-19 relief legislation and the rise in border crossings at the United States Southern Border. (Photo by Anna Moneymaker/Getty Images)

Sen. Joni Ernst, Iowa Republican: $3,688,078

What she’s received:Ernst has received $19,800 in direct support from the NRA; $577,396 in independent support; and $3,091,382 in money spent against her political opponents.

Her recent take:Asked if she would support the House-passed measures to strengthen background checks, Ernst told theTimesshe needed to first better “understand the circumstances” of the Texas school shooting.

When she’s up for reelection:Ernst, who was elected to her second term in 2020, won’t see her term end until2027(it’s unclear if she plans to run for reelection at the time).

Sen. Marco Rubio.Michael Brochstein/SOPA Images/Shutterstock

Marco Rubio

Sen. Marco Rubio, Florida Republican: $3,303,355

What he’s received:$4,950 in direct support from the NRA and $1,008,030 in independent support. In addition to spending against his political opponents, the grand total in NRA spending to support Rubio is $3,303,355.

When he’s up for reelection:In 2022, Rubio faces a number of challengers in the Republican primary on Aug. 23. Rep. Val Demings is the likely Democrat who’ll be on the ballot in November, hoping to defeat Rubio, who’s served in the U.S. Senate since 2011.

Rob Portman.Al Drago/Bloomberg/Getty

Senator Rob Portman, a Republican from Ohio and ranking member of the Senate Homeland and Governmental Affairs Committee, speaks during a confirmation hearing for Shalanda Young, director of the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) nominee for U.S. President Joe Biden, in Washington, D.C., U.S., on Tuesday, Feb. 1, 2022. If confirmed, Young would be the first non-White woman to serve as OMB director. Photographer: Al Drago/Bloomberg via Getty Images

Sen. Rob Portman, Ohio Republican: $3,063,327

What he’s received:$20,300 in direct support from the NRA and $1,453,432 in independent support. In addition to spending against his political opponents, the grand total in NRA spending to support Portman is $3,063,327.

When he’s up for reelection:Portman announced in January, he won’t seek reelection in 2022 for a third term. After Ohio’s primary elections earlier this month, RepublicanJ.D. Vanceand Democrat Congressman Tim Ryan will face off in November.

He alsotweetedabout the Enhanced Background Checks Act and the Bipartisan Background Checks Act, saying those are “two bills we passed in the House that the Senate can take up right now. No more holding the will of the American people hostage. Either stand with us or get the hell out of the way.”

U.S. Sen. Todd Young.Kevin Dietsch/Getty

WASHINGTON, DC - FEBRUARY 16: U.S. Sen. Todd Young (R-ID) speaks during a press conference on inflation, at the Russell Senate Office Building on February 16, 2022 in Washington, DC. The Republican Senators blamed the near record high inflation on the Biden Administration and the Democratic fiscal agenda. (Photo by Kevin Dietsch/Getty Images)

Sen. Todd Young, Indiana Republican: $2,899,232

What he’s received:$11,950 in direct support from the NRA and $440,645 in independent support. In addition to spending against his political opponents, the grand total in NRA spending to support Young is $2,899,232.

When he’s up for reelection:In November, Young will face Democrat Thomas McDermott.

Greg Nash/The Hill/Bloomberg via Getty

Senator Bill Cassidy, a Republican from Louisiana, speaks during a Senate Foreign Relations Committee confirmation hearing for Linda Thomas-Greenfield, U.S. ambassador to the United Nations (UN) for U.S. President Joe Biden, in Washington, D.C., U.S., on Wednesday, Jan. 27, 2021. Thomas-Greenfield spent nearly four decades at the State Department and served as assistant secretary for African affairs before leaving early in the Trump administration. Photographer: Greg Nash/The Hill/Bloomberg via Getty Images

Sen. Bill Cassidy, Louisiana Republican: $2,864,547

What he’s received:$13,950 in direct support from the NRA and $409,201 in independent support. In addition to spending against his political opponents, the grand total in NRA spending to support Cassidy is $2,864,547.

His recent take: “Our hearts are with the families in Texas. We owe it to these families to find answers to prevent these events. Real answers that will work. God be with those affected,“Cassidy tweeted.

Cassidy is reportedly participating in discussions about gun control measures, including proposals on expanded background checks for firearms purchases and transfers as well as red flag legislation to keep people considered dangerous to themselves or others from possessing firearms,according toThe Hill.

When he’s up for reelection:Cassidy was reelected for a second term in 2020, so he’s not up for reelection until 2026 ahead of the end of his term in 2027.

Sen. Tom Cotton.Kevin Dietsch/Getty

WASHINGTON, DC - MARCH 10: Sen. Tom Cotton (R-AR) listens to testimony from leaders of the intelligence community during a Senate Intelligence Committee on March 10, 2022 in Washington, DC. The committee held a hearing on worldwide threats. (Photo by Kevin Dietsch/Getty Images)

Sen. Tom Cotton, Arkansas Republican: $1,973,201

What he’s received:$12,400 in direct support from the NRA and $1,960,801 in independent support. In addition to spending against his political opponents, the grand total in NRA spending to support Cotton is $1,973,201.

When he’s up for reelection:Cotton’s term as a senator ends in 2027, though his name has repeatedly come up on lists of those reportedlymulling a run for the presidencyin 2024.

source: people.com