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Mysterious Ancestor?
The oldest known human DNA found yet expose human phylogeny was even more confusing than before thinking , investigator say . The genic material came from the bone of a hominin living in what is now the Sima de los Huesos in Northern Spain approximately 400,000 years ago during the Middle Pleistocene .
Old Thigh
The thighbone of the 400,000 - year - old hominid from Sima de los Huesos , Spain .
Hominid Bones
Here , a skeleton of aHomo heidelbergensisfrom Sima de los Huesos , a unique cave site in Northern Spain .
Pit of Bones
The human femoris was unearthed in the Sima de los Huesos , or " Pit of Bones , " an underground cave in the Atapuerca Mountains in Northern Spain . This Pit of Bones has yield dodo of at least 28 individuals , the macrocosm ’s largest collection of human fogy date from the Middle Pleistocene about 125,000 to 780,000 years ago .
Digging Deep
The Sima de los Huesos is situate about 100 feet ( 30 meters ) below the surface at the bottom of a 42 - human foot ( 13 - metre ) erect ray of light . Archaeologists suggest the finger cymbals may have been wash down it by rain or inundation , or that the bones were even intentionally buried down there .
Bone Sample
The researchers reconstructed a almost consummate genome of this thighbone fossil ’s mitochondria — the powerhouses of the cell , which own their own DNA and get passed down from the mother .
Neanderthal?
The fogey unearth in the Sima de los Huesos cave resembled Neanderthals , so researchers expected this mitochondrial DNA to be Neanderthal .
Denisovan?
Surprisingly , the mitochondrial DNA expose this fossil apportion a common root not with Neanderthals , but with Denisovans , splitting from them about 700,000 years ago . This is left , since research presently suggests the Denisovans live in easterly Asia , not in westerly Europe where this fossil was uncovered . The only screw Denisovan fossils so far are a finger ivory and a molar find out in Siberia .
More Bone Needed
The scientists now hope to learn more about these fogy by retrieving desoxyribonucleic acid from their cell karyon , not their mitochondria . However , this will be a huge challenge — the researchers needed almost 2 grams of os to analyze mitochondrial DNA , which outnumber nuclear DNA by several hundred times within the cellular telephone .
